Introduction

a theoretical framework

1-29

The European inter-civilizational constellation

33-49

The greco-roman and judaic legacies

50-66

Christianity in the making of Europe

67-82

Between East and West

the byzantine legacy and Russia

Jurij Borodaj, Aleksandr Nikiforov

83-96

The Islamic world and Islam in Europe

97-109

The Renaissance and the rise of the West revisited

113-129

Unity and divisions in early modern European history

the emergence of a Westernized Europe

130-146

The enlightenment and European modernity

the rise of the idea of Europe

147-168

The rise of the nation-state and the allure of empire

between nationalism and cosmopolitanism

169-194

The historical regions of Europe

civilizational backgrounds and multiple routes to modernity

195-214

Europe in the short twentieth century

conflicting projects of modernity

215-242

Europe since 1989

nationalism, cosmopolitanism and globalization

245-272

Age of Austerity

contradictions of capitalism and democracy

273-286

The European heritage as a conflict of interpretations

287-301

Conclusion

Europe—a defence

Amy E. Varela

302-306