

The evaluation of pain responses
a need for improved measures
pp. 209-219
in: Stuart Spicker, Tristram Engelhardt (eds), Philosophical dimensions of the neuro-medical sciences, Berlin, Springer, 1976Abstract
The title of this session, "Altered Affective Responses to Pain," implies that the relationship between pain and response has been well documented. In their presentations, the participants discuss complex psychological, physiological, and philosophical implications of the human pain experience without questioning the need for more accurate pain response information. Therefore, as chairman of this session, I will address my closing comments to the need for and the production of improved pain response measures.