Psychology's relation to biology
qualitatively distinct levels
pp. 95-105
in: Leendert Mos (ed), Recent trends in theoretical psychology, Berlin, Springer, 1988Abstract
Biology is construed as a broad substratum which is necessary for psychology but which does not strictly determine it. This model of "relative autonomy' is supported by evidence from human genetics, neurophysiology, sexual behavior, and aggression. Psychology's relative autonomy is contrasted with animal behavior and neonatal activity, and is shown to be the source of our creativity, freedom, intelligence, individuality, and culture.