Trust and the value of overconfidence

a bayesian perspective on social network communication

Aron Vallinder

Erik J. Olsson

pp. 1991-2007

in: Nikolaj Pedersen, Kristoffer Ahlstrom-Vij, Klemens Kappel (eds), Rational trust, Synthese 191 (9), 2014.

Abstract

The paper presents and defends a Bayesian theory of trust in social networks. In the first part of the paper, we provide justifications for the basic assumptions behind the model, and we give reasons for thinking that the model has plausible consequences for certain kinds of communication. In the second part of the paper we investigate the phenomenon of overconfidence. Many psychological studies have found that people think they are more reliable than they actually are. Using a simulation environment that has been developed in order to make our model computationally tractable we show that in our model inquirers are indeed sometimes better off from an epistemic perspective overestimating the reliability of their own inquiries. We also show, by contrast, that people are rarely better off overestimating the reliability of others. On the basis of these observations we formulate a novel hypothesis about the value of overconfidence.